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Artyomenko N.A.*, Petrishche T.L.**
Drug addiction in the 1920’s: medical, legal and sociocultural aspects of the problem
*Public Health Establishment «Vitebsk Town Outpatient Clinic № 3», Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
**Educational Establishment «Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University», Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus

Vestnik VGMU. 2015;14(6):93-103.

Abstract.
The problem of drug addiction in the Russian Empire as well as in the whole world came into existence in the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century. Many tendencies introduced at that time influenced its development after 1917.
In the development of drug addiction we have singled out several components: a) sociocultural (the influence of traditional daily way of life and culture; of socio-economic and political factors); b) medical, including pharmaceutical (the use of drugs as medicines; a wide spread of drug dependence among medical professionals); c) legal (the conjugation of the problem of narcotics abuse and crime rate in the country in general; legislative regulation of narcotics abuse criminal prosecution included; the role of law-enforcement bodies).
There was the peak of drug addiction in the period of NEP (1921-1929). The most popular drugs of that time were cocaine and morphine. To a great extent the increase of drug addiction was determined by the marginalization of the society and the growth of deviant behavior.
Factors contributing to the decrease of narcotics abuse were the following: lessening of social tension in the society and a relative economic stabilization; the reinforcement of state borders, the formation of customs and the introduction of strict import limitations, drug production and realization, tightening of pharmaceutical control, liquidation of negative social phenomena (prostitution, beggary, vagrancy, etc.), decline in crime rate; the solution of the unemployment problem and that of homeless children; the abolition of «dry law» and the production of cheap vodka.
Key words: history, drugs, narcotism, legal regulation, chemist’s.

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