DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2020.1.13
Parkhаmchuk O.Y., Zverko V.V., Grigoryeva E.E., Fomina E.G.
The main allergen of birch pollen Bet v 1: literature review
Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Vestnik VGMU. 2020;19(1):13-23.
Abstract.
All over the world there is a rapid increase in allergic diseases. A significant number of the population in the developed countries (more than 20%) have allergic reactions of type I: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma. Birch pollen, along with the pollen from other related plants of the Betulaceae and Fagaceae families, is one of the causes of seasonal type I allergic reactions. Bet v 1, the main protein of birch pollen, is responsible for the production of specific IgE in more than 95% of patients who are allergic to birch pollen. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is currently the only treatment for type I allergic reactions. The use of modern antiallergic vaccines based on recombinant allergens, recombinant derivatives of hypoallergenic allergens and T-cell peptides derived from allergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy helps to reduce side effects and increase the effectiveness of treatment. This review provides information on Bet v 1 protein: from the discovery history to the creation of a vaccine against allergies to birch pollen.
Key words: allergy, birch pollen, spring hay fever, Bet v 1, allergen-specific immunotherapy, recombinant allergens.
References
1. Biedermann T, Winther L, Till SJ, Panzner P, Knulst A. Valovirta E. Birch pollen allergy in Europe. Allergy. 2019 Jan;74(7):1237-48. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.13758
2. Asam C, Hofer H, Wolf M, Aglas L, Wallner M. Tree pollen allergens-an update from a molecular perspective. Allergy. 2015 Oct;70(10):1201-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.12696
3. Ferreira FD, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Breiteneder H, Pettenburger K, Ebner C, Sommergruber W, et al. Purification and characterization of recombinant Bet v I, the major birch pollen allergen. J Biol Chem. 1993 Sep;268(26):19574-80.
4. Pavlov AE, Seylieva NA, Mukhortykh OYu, Stefanov VE. Obtaining and evaluating the properties of a recombinant analogue of a major allergen of birch pollen Bet v 1. Ros Allergol Zhurn. 2012;(3):7-13. (In Russ.)
5. Nikolaeva NV, Garkava KG. Analysis of literature data on the study of wood allergens. Ekol Vestn. 2016;(1):72-7. (In Russ.)
6. D'Amato G, Cecchi L, Bonini S, Nunes C, Annesi-Maesano I, Behrendt H, et al. Allergenic pollen and pollen allergy in Europe. Allergy. 2007 Sep;62(9):976-90. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01393.x
7. Mirsaitov NG, Ibragimova KK. Aeropalinological features of dusting of coniferous and deciduous trees in the city of Kazan: analysis of the results of pollen monitoring. Vestn MGPU Ser Estestv Nauki. 2017;(1):30-8. (In Russ.)
8. Bokov DO, Smirnov VV. Allergenic profile of a complete extract of birch pollen (Betula pendula Roth): study of methodological approaches to the identification and quantification of major Bet v 1 protein by HPLC/MS/MS. Khimiia Rastit Syr'ia. 2014;(2):213-8. (In Russ.)
9. Shamgunova BA, Levitan BN, Sartova AR, Yarilina LG, Suchkov SV. Properties of pollen allergens and their clinical significance. Ros Allergol Zhurn. 2014;(5):21-7. (In Russ.)
10. Sinha M, Singh RP, Kushwaha GS, Iqbal N, Singh A, Kaushik S, et al. Current overview of allergens of plant pathogenesis related protein families. Sci World J. 2014;2014:543195. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/543195
11. Gajhede M, Osmark P, Poulsen FM, Ipsen H, Larsen JN, Joost van Neerven RJ, et al. X-ray and NMR structure of Bet v 1, the origin of birch pollen allergy. Nat Struct Biol. 1996 Dec;3(12):1040-5.
12. Swoboda I, Jilek A, Ferreira F, Engel E, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Scheiner O, et al. Isoforms of Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, analyzed by liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and cDNA cloning. J Biol Chem. 1995 Feb;270(6):2607-13. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.6.2607
13. Breiteneder H, Pettenburger K, Bito A, Valenta R, Kraft D, Rumpold H, et al. The gene coding for the major birch pollen allergen Bet v l, is highly homologous to a pea disease resistance response gene. EMBO J. 1989 Jul;8(7):1935-8.
14. Žiarovská J, Zelenáková L. Central and Eastern European spring pollen allergens and their expression analysis-state of the art. Diversity. 2016;8(19). Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/8/4/19/pdf. [Accessed 05thFev 2020]. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d8040019
15. Erler A, Hawranek T, Krückemeier L, Asam C, Egger M, Ferreira F, et al. Proteomic profiling of birch (Betula verrucosa) pollen extracts from different origins. Proteomics. 2011 Apr;11(8):1486-98. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201000624
16. Ferreira F, Hirtenlehner K, Jilek A, Godnik-Cvar J, Breiteneder H, Grimm R, et al. Dissection of immunoglobulin E and T lymphocyte reactivity of isoforms of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1: Potential use of hypoallergenic isoforms for immunotherapy. J Exp Med. 1996 Feb;183(2):599-609. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.2.599
17. Spergel JM. From atopic dermatitis to asthma: the atopic march. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010 Aug;105(2):99-106. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2009.10.002
18. World standards for allergen-specific immunotherapy [Elektronnyi resurs]: nauch obzor. Rezhim dostupa: http://www.allergen.ru/images/staloral_10.pdf. Data dostupa: 05.02.2020. (In Russ.)
19. Valenta R, Campana R, Marth K, van Hage M. Allergen-specific immunotherapy: from therapeutic vaccines to prophylactic approaches. J Intern Med. 2012 Aug;272(2):144-57. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02556.x
20. Gremmer LK, Shonnessi AM. The principles of immunotherapy of allergic diseases. Notes for practitioners. V: Patterson R, Gremmer LK, Grinbenger PA. Allergicheskie bolezni: diagnostika i lechenie. Moscow, RF: Geotar Meditsina; 2000. Р. 194-208. (In Russ.)
21. Kurbacheva OM, Pavlova KS, Kozulina IE. Allergen-specific immunotherapy: history, methods and new possibilities. Med Sovet. 2013;(3-2):10-9. (In Russ.)
22. Cooke RA, Barnard JH, Hebald S, Stull A. Serological evidence of immunity with coexisting sensitization in a type of human allergy (hay fever). J Exp Med. 1935 Nov;62(6):733-50. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.62.6.733
23. Schmidt M, Hoffman DR. Expression systems for production of recombinant allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002 Aug;128(4):264-70.
24. Baneyx F. Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 1999 Oct;10(5):411-21. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(99)00003-8
25. Thomas JG, Ayling A, Baneyx F. Molecular chaperones, folding catalysts, and the recovery of active recombinant proteins from E. coli. To fold or to refold. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 1997 Jun;66(3):197-238.
26. Qiu J, Swartz JR, Georgiou G. Expression of active human tissue-type plasminogen activator in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Dec;64(12):4891-6.
27. Problems of expression of foreign genes. Voynov NA, Volova TG, Zobova NV, Markova SV, Frank LA, Shishatskaya EI, Volova TG, Volova TG, nauch red. Sovremennye problemy i metody biotekhnologii [Elektronnyi resurs]: elektron ucheb posobie. Krasnoyarsk, RF: IPK SFU; 2009. R. 73-4. Rezhim dostupa: http://urhtd.narod.ru/files/4.pdf. Data dostupa: 13.02.2020. (In Russ.)
28. Kleber-Janke T, Becker WM. Use of modified BL21(DE3) Escherichia coli cells for high-level expression of recombinant peanut allergens affected by poor codon usage. Protein Expr Purif. 2000 Aug;19(3):419-24. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/prep.2000.1265
29. Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Susani M, Ferreira F, Jertschin P, Ahorn H, Steiner R, et al. High level expression and purification of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1. Protein Expr Purif. 1997 Feb;9(1):33-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/prep.1996.0671
30. Zukk R, Kromvell' O, Fibig Kh; MERK PATENT GMBKh, zaiavitel' i patentoobladatel'. The method of isolation and purification of recombinant variants Bet v 1: pat RU 2299214: MPK C 07 K 1/36, C 07 K 1/113. № 2003109430/13; zaiavl 27.10.04; opubl 20.05.07, Biul № 14. 10 p. (In Russ.)
31. Simonova MA, Pivovarov VD, Ryazantsev DYu, Kostromina MA, Murav'yeva TI, Mokronosova MA, i dr. Determination of specific immunoglobulins of class E to birch allergen Bet v 1 by immuno-PCR method. Bioorgan Khimiia. 2018;44(2):203-11. (In Russ.)
32. Valenta R, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Niederberger V. Vaccine development for allergen-specific immunotherapy based on recombinant allergens and synthetic allergen peptides: Lessons from the past and novel mechanisms of action for the future. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Feb;137(2):351-7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1299
33. Valenta R, Niespodziana K, Focke-Tejkl M, Marth K, Huber H, Neubauer A, et al. Recombinant allergens: What does the future hold? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Apr;127(4):860-4. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.02.016
34. Niederberger V, Horak F, Vrtala S, Spitzauer S, Krauth MT, Valent P, et al. Vaccination with genetically engineered allergens prevents progression of allergic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Oct;101 Suppl 2:14677-82. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0404735101
35. Focke M, Swoboda I, Marth K, Valenta R. Developments in allergen-specific immunotherapy: from allergen extracts to allergy vaccines bypassing allergen specific immunoglobulin E and T cell reactivity. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010 Mar;40(3):385-97. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03443.x
36. Purohit A, Niederberger V, Kronqvist M, Horak F, Grönneberg R, Suck R, et al. Clinical effects of immunotherapy with genetically modified recombinant birch pollen Bet v 1 derivatives. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 Sep;38(9):1514-25. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03042.x
37. Valenta R, Campana R, Marth K, van Hage M. Allergen-specific immunotherapy: from therapeutic vaccines to prophylactic approaches. J Intern Med. 2012 Aug;272(2):144-57. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02556.x
38. Campana R, Vrtala S, Maderegger B, Jertschin P, Stegfellner G, Swoboda I, et al. Hypoallergenic derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 obtained by rational sequence reassembly. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Nov;126(5):1024-31. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2010.05.023
39. Campana R, Mothes N, Rauter I, Vrtala S, Reininger R, Focke-Tejkl M, et al. Non-IgE-mediated chronic allergic skin inflammation revealed with rBet v 1 fragments. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Feb;121(2):528-530.e1. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.09.014
40. Katz DH, Paul WE, Goidl EA, Benacerraf B. Carrier function in anti-hapten immune responses. I. Enhancement of primary and secondary anti-hapten antibody responses by carrier preimmunization. J Exp Med. 1970 Aug;132(2):261-82. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.132.2.261
41. Paul WE, Katz DH, Goidl EA, Benacerraf B. Carrier function in anti-hapten immune responses. II. Specific properties of carrier cells capable of enhancing anti-hapten antibody responses. J Exp Med. 1970 Aug;132(2):283-99. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.132.2.283
42. Valenta R, Campana R, Niederberger V. Recombinant allergy vaccines based on allergen-derived B cell epitopes. Immunol Lett. 2017 Sep;189:19-26. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.015
43. Valenta R, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Niederberger V. Vaccine development for allergen-specific immunotherapy based on recombinant allergens and synthetic allergen peptides: Lessons from the past and novel mechanisms of action for the future. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Feb;137(2):351-7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1299
Information about authors:
Parkhаmchuk O.Y. – associate research officer of the Laboratory for Immunology & Cellular Biotechnology, Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology;
Zverko V.V.– the first category laboratory assistant of the Laboratory for Immunology & Cellular Biotechnology, Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology;
Grigoryeva E.E. – Candidate of Biological Sciences, associate professor, leading research officer of the Laboratory for Immunology & Cellular Biotechnology, Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology;
Fomina E.G. – Candidate of Biological Sciences, head of the Laboratory for Immunology & Cellular Biotechnology, Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology & Microbiology.
Correspondence address: Republic of Belarus, 220114, Minsk, 23 Filimonova str., Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Laboratory for Immunology & Cellular Biotechnology. E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра. – Olga Y. Parkhаmchuk.
