Nemtsov L.M.
Pathophysiological and clinical-diagnostic value of cholecystokinin in biliary pathology
Abstract.
This review presents the studies on pathophysiological and clinical-diagnostic value of cholecystokinin (CCK) in biliary pathology, including research data of the author of this article. CCK is the most potent humoral stimulus of the gallbladder contraction and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi with the release of bile into the lumen of the small intestine.
Information about the blood plasma level of CCK in biliary pathology (biliary dysfunction, cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis) is rather controversial, but in a certain part of patients there is the gallbladder resistance to ССК, manifested by the increase of stimulated blood plasma CCK concentration and decreased effectiveness of the evacuation function of the gallbladder.
Possible mechanisms of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi resistance to CCK include reducing the number of CCK-receptors, defects of CCK-A receptors and signal transduction in combination with abnormal response to oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, toxic effect of concentrated dissolved bile substances, leiomyopathy of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi.
Changes of the blood plasma CCK concentration in biliary pathology are nonspecific and their diagnostic value is limited, since it is necessary to consider the possibility of other pathology resulting from excessive or inadequate secretion of CCK. For clinical purposes synthetic analogue CCK-8 can be used to assess the gallbladder contractility during cholescintigraphy with 99mTc, and as a stimulator in manometric study of the sphincter of Oddi function, as well as for obtaining duodenal aspirate of concentrated bile sample and its microcrystals analysis (biliary sludge) and biochemical study (cholesterol, bile salts, phospholipids).
Key words: biliary pathology, diagnosis, cholecystokinin.
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