DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2016.5.19
Bilai S.I., Dovbysh M.A., Bilai I.M.
Urolithiasis: urgency of this matter and prospects for its development
Zaporozhye State Medical University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
Vestnik VGMU. 2016;15(5):19-26.
Abstract.
Urolithiasis, otherwise known as nephrolithiasis, is one of the most common and frequent diseases in the world (5-10%), it most often occurring in patients of the able-bodied age. The concept of «urolithiasis» implies the metabolic disturbance caused by a variety of endogenous and / or exogenous factors (including heredity) and is characterized by the presence of stone(s) in the kidneys and the urinary tract, which shows the predisposition to relapse and not infrequently persistent heavy course. The leading factors of lithogenesis are: the concentration of lithogenic ions in the urine; deficiency of crystallization and crystals aggregation inhibitors; the presence in the urine of stone formation activators; local changes in the kidneys. There are many methods for diagnosis of urolithiasis – laboratory and instrumental ones. Treatment of urolithiasis is divided into conservative and surgical. Conservative treatment implicates the use of drugs. In combination with medical treatment physical methods of treatment are also used: diathermic currents , laser, vibration therapy, amplipulse and others. As one of the possible methods of treatment the hemolytic dissolution of stones (transdermal, oral) is applied. There are a lot of surgical techniques of urolithiasis patients treatment (endoscopic, open surgery, distant lithotripsy). Particular attention is paid to the rational, selective metaphylaxis of nephrolithiasis, based on the diagnosing of metabolic disturbances and aimed at the normalization of biochemical parameters in the urine. An extremely important recommendation of European Association of Urologists for the prevention of urolithiasis relapse is mandatory assessment of the chemical composition of the stones. Besides, the research of various components of the metabolic processes and diverse biochemical tests with subsequent correction of the revealed metabolic disorders are recommended for the recurrence prevention.
Key words: urolithiasis, stone formation, diagnosing, treatment.
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Information about authors:
Bilai S.I. – urologist, Zaporozhye Central Regional Hospital; postgraduate of the Chair of Urology, Radiation Diagnosis & Therapy, Zaporozhye State Medical University;
Dovbysh M.A. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor of the Chair of Urology, Radiation Diagnosis & Therapy, Zaporozhye State Medical University;
Bilai I.M. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, head of the Chair of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy & Management and Economy of Pharmacy, Zaporozhye State Medical University.
Correspondence address: Ukraine, 69068, Zaporozhye, 18, Bolnichnaya str., Zaporozhye Central Regional Hospital. E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра. – BilaI Sergey I.
