DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2018.5.43
Burak G.G.1, Kim T.I.1, Buyanov I.V.2, Morgayeva Y.V.1
Perineology: anatomical-functional and clinical aspects. Part 1. Anatomy and functions of the anal region muscles
1Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
2Vitebsk City Central Clinical Hospital, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
Vestnik VGMU. 2018;17(5):43-51.
Abstract.
Perineology is a complex branch of science that studies the development, structure and functions of the perineum in the norm and under various pathological conditions – congenital and acquired. In Russian and English literature, the complex of soft tissues covering the lower aperture of the pelvis is designated by two terms – «perineum» and «pelvic floor». Using these terms the authors describe the cutaneous-muscular-fascial formations, that are different in structure and function.
Our work gave grounds to call the complex of soft tissues occupying the space of exit from the small pelvis the «pelvic floor», and the cutaneous-muscular-fascial plate between the posterior wall of the labia major or the base of the scrotum and the tip of the coccyx – the «perineum». The results of the study will be presented in four articles, in which anatomy of the anal and urogenital areas of the pelvic floor will be described in detail.
In this article, we present the data on the muscles of the anal region obtained on the purposeful preparation of the corresponding area on the bodies of deceased people, on the preparation of museum specimens of the pelvic floor muscles, on analyzing literature data of the relevant content.
The description of individual anatomy of the anal part muscles of the pelvic floor has been provided in every particular. The priority is given to anatomy of the muscle that lifts the anus and the structural features of its three parts.
The anterior part of this muscle (the pubic-rectal muscle) is anatomically fused with the external sphincter of the anus, with the muscular covering of the rectum, which allows to consider it as the main functional unit responsible for all phases of defecation.
Anatomy of the anus sphincters and their participation together with the pubic-rectal muscle in the rectum closure system are also described.
Key words: pelvic floor, perineum, anal area muscles, pubic-rectal muscle, anus sphincters.
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Information about authors:
Burak G.G. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Chair of Human Anatomy, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University.
Kim T.I. – senior lecturer of the Chair of Human Anatomy, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University;
Buyanov I.V. – head of the proctologic department, Vitebsk City Central Clinical Hospital;
Morgayeva Y.V. – the fourth-year medical student, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University.
Correspondence address: Republic of Belarus, 210009, Vitebsk, 27 Frunze ave., Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Chair of Human Anatomy. E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра. – Tamara I. Kim.
