DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2018.5.7
Shchastniy A.T., Mikhnevich E.V.
Achievements and problems of transplantology at the present stage
Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
Vestnik VGMU. 2018;17(5):7-16.
Abstract.
Nowadays the growth of transplantation activity and the progress in the donor process organization are observed in the whole world. The greatest achievements in this field of medicine have been achieved by Spain.
Belgium and Portugal also demonstrate good results concerning the donation volume, but as to the number of transplantations per 1 mln of population Austria and Belgium are among the best. Great attention in these countries is paid to the training of transplantation co-ordinators.
The Republic of Belarus and Estonia are the leaders among the post-Soviet countries with regard to the number of transplantations, annually performing 52,9 and 43,8 of them per 1 mln of population, accordingly. Belarus has managed to achieve such results thanks to the organization of two-level transplantation coordination system, creation of the Unified transplantation register, as well as the adoption of the donation model based on the consent presumption.
The main problem that hinders the development of transplantology in all states is the deficiency of donor organs. For this reason different countries of the world take various steps aimed at the increase of donation level: the adoption of the consent presumption as the most effective model, as well as the carrying out of the measures aimed at the change of public opinion in favor of organs donation.
Performing transplantation is closely connected with the questions of guaranteeing the rights and legitimate interests of a potential donor after his / her death. Hence, up to now the discussions on the subject of the choice of optimal postmortem donation model (the presumption of consent or dissent) as well as the recognition of the human somatic rights institution still continue.
Key words: organs transplantation, transplantation activity, transplantation coordination, donation, donor’s rights.
References
1. Kaabak MM, Goryaynov VA, Molchanova OA. Application mofetil-mycophenolate in recipients of allogeneic kidneys in different periods after transplantation. Nefrologiia Dializ. 2001;3(1):52-7. (In Russ.)
2. Brown SL, Biehl TR, Rawlins MC, Hefty TR. Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: a comparison with the conventional open approach. J Urol. 2001 Mar;165(3):766-9.
3. Karopadi AN, Mason G, Rettore E, Ronco C. The role of economies of scale in the cost of dialysis across the world: a macroeconomic perspective. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014 Apr;29(4):885-92. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gft528
4. Got'e SV. Innovations in transplantation: development of heart transplantation program in the Russian Federation. Patologiia Krovoobrashcheniia Kardiokhirurgiia. 2017;21(3S):61-8. (In Russ.)
5. Ermanov EZh. Donor kidney transplantation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Vestn Khirurgii Kazakhstana. 2011;(4):54-6. (In Russ.)
6. International Figures On Organ Donation And Transplantation Activity. Year 2016. Newsletter Transplant. 2017;22:3-36.
7. International Figures On Organ Donation And Transplantation Activity. Year 2012. Newsletter Transplant. 2013 Sep;18(1):3-32.
8. Aringazina AM, Kurmanguzhina MSh. Modern approaches to the implementation of donor programs in transplantation. Klin Meditsina Kazakhstana. 2014;(2):14-20. (In Russ.)
9. Loginov IV, Kechaeva NV, Reznik ON. The importance of organizational factors in overcoming the deficit of donor organs. Vestn Transplantologii Iskusstven Organov. 2011;13(1):100-7. (In Russ.)
10. Elizalde J, Lorente M. Coordination and donation. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2006;29 Suppl 2:35-43.
11. Blaicher W, Pokorny H, Rockenschaub S, Puhalla H, Mühlbacher F. Organ transplantation in Austria. Ann Transplant. 1996;1(3):41-4.
12. About some questions of the organization of the fence of human organs for transplantation [Elektronnyi resurs]: prikaz M-va zdravookhraneniia Resp Belarus', 7 iiunia 2005 g, № 311. V: OOO «Professional'nye pravovye sistemy». Biznes-info. Analiticheskaia pravovaia sistema. Minsk, RB; 2018. (In Russ.)
13. Vasilevich DG. Transplantation of human organs and tissues as a means of his return to active life [Elektronnyi resurs]. V: Problemy obespecheniia prav invalidov i inykh lits, nuzhdaiushchikhsia v dopolnitel'noi sotsial'noi zashchite: sb materialov kruglogo stola, 26 dek 2017 g, Minsk. Minsk, RB: BGU; 2018. P. 29-39. Rezhim dostupa: http://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/193001. Data dostupa: 31.07.2018. (In Russ.)
14. Martynov AV, Prilukov MD. Legal and organizational issues of transplant tourism in the modern health care system: Russian and international experience. Med Pravo. 2014;(4):38-44. (In Russ.)
15. Achievements of Transplantology in Ukraine and in the world [Elektronnyi resurs]. V: Assotsiatsiia «Bankov pupovinnoi krovi, drugikh tkanei i kletok cheloveka: [sait]. Rezhim dostupa: URL: http://stemcellbank.org.ua/dostizheniya-transplantologii-v-ukraine-i-v-mire/. Data dostupa: 30.07.2018. (In Russ.)
16. Baumova ZhS. Some problems of legal regulation of human organ and tissue transplantation. Iurid Nauka. 2017;(4):67-70. (In Russ.)
17. Vasilevich DG. Transplantation of human organs and tissues. Vestn Polots Gos Un-ta Ser D Ekonom Iurid Nauki. 2017;(13):105-13. (In Russ.)
18. Kostyukevich N. «On the third day already went». In Belarus for the first time transplanted lungs to a patient with cystic fibrosis [Elektronnyi resurs]. V: Novosti tut.by. Rezhim dostupa: URL: https://news.tut.by/society/576615.html. Data dostupa: 29.07.2018. (In Russ.)
19. Smirnov Yu. «Law of Hustina»: presumption of consent to organ donation [Elektronnyi resurs]. V: EURONEWS. Rezhim dostupa: URL: http://ru.euronews.com/2018/07/05/argentina-organ-donation. Data dostupa: 29.07.2018. (In Russ.)
20. Tishchenko M, Lushnikova A. The right to help: the consent of citizens to posthumous organ donation is offered to indicate in the driver's license [Elektronnyi resurs]. V: RT: [sait]. Rezhim dostupa: URL: https://russian.rt.com/russia/article/492425-posmertnoe-donorstvo-voditelskoe-udostoverenie. Data dostupa: 30.07.2018. (In Russ.)
21. Shestakova GN, Lysak MM, Darvin VV, Krasnov EA, Kolesnikov SD. Organ donation in the world and the Russian Federation. State of the problem today. Zdravookhranenie Iugry: opyt i innovatsii. 2015;(3):27-32. (In Russ.)
22. Kalble T, Alcaraz A, Budde K, Humke U, Karam G, Lucan M, et al. Kidney transplantation [Elektronnyi resurs]. [B. m.]: Evropeiskaia assotsiatsiia urologov; 2011. 98 r. Rezhim dostupa: https://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/20_Transplantation.pdf. Data dostupa: 01.08.2018. (In Russ.)
23. Belyaev SI. Report on the results of sociological research «Transplantation (transplantation) of organs of deceased patients without their lifetime consent or the consent of their close relatives» [Elektronnyi resurs]. 2017. Rezhim dostupa: http://sutyajnik.ru/documents/5030.pdf. Data dostupa: 15.07.2018. (In Russ.)
24. Organ donation and transplantation [Electronic resource]: Conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of Directorate General Health and Consumers : Survey co-ordinated by Directorate General Communication. Brussels; 2010. 51 р. Mode of access: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_333a_en.pdf. Date of access: 14.07.2018.
25. International Figures On Organ Donation And Transplantation Activity. Year 2012. Newsletter Transplant. 2013 Sep;18(1):3-32.
26. Sultanov ESh, Zaynalov AK, Basueva EG, Orazgaliev TB, Sanatov SS, Batirova DSh, i dr. Experience of donor kidney transplantation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Vestn KazNMU. 2012;(2):228-9. (In Russ.)
27. Karaeva O. Organ donation: problems and prospects of development in Russia [Elektronnyi resurs]. Moscow, RF; 2013. 72 p. Rezhim dostupa: http://www.levada.ru/sites/default/files/otchet_donorstvo_organov_v_rossii_levada-centr.pdf. Data dostupa: 28.07.2018. (In Russ.)
28. Galeeva GR. General characteristics of the emergence and exacerbation of the problem of illegal transnational trafficking in human organs. Vestn Volzh Un-ta im VN Tatishcheva. 2016;1(2):70-7. (In Russ.)
29. Kozlova AA. The role of international legal norms in the formation of legislation regulating transplantation and donation in Russia and abroad. Iurist"-Pravoved". 2017;(1):25-9. (In Russ.)
30. Maslyakov VV, Portenko NN. Unresolved legal issues in transplantation. Zdravookhranenie Ros Federatsii. 2016;60(4):207-9. (In Russ.)
31. Apolinskaya NV. Again on the issue of posthumous organ and tissue donation. Sibir Iurid Vestn. 2007;(3):21-4. (In Russ.)
32. Zalesskaya MV. On the issue of presumed consent to post-mortem removal of organs for the purposes of organ donation. Grazhdanin Pravo. 2003;(6):3-13. (In Russ.)
33. Karimova YuV, Savitskaya DV. Legal problems of transplantation. Tikhookean Med Zhurn. 2015;(3):75-9. (In Russ.)
34. Nesterova EM. Concept and legal and social essence of somatic human rights. 2011;(7):222-6. (In Russ.)
35. Lyaush LB. Medical and bioethical issues of organization of transplant care in Russia. Vestn Chuvash Un-ta. 2014;(2):291-300. (In Russ.)
36. Gashina NN, Zaytseva OV. Transplantation of human organs and tissues: the concept and essence of the content. Vestn Gos Munitsip Upravleniia. 2014;(3):47-54. (In Russ.)
Information about authors:
Shchastniy A.T. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, rector of Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University,
ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-4240
Mikhnevich E.V. – lecturer of the Chair of Public Health & Health Service with the course of the Faculty for Advanced Training & Retraining, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University,
ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-7376
Correspondence address: Republic of Belarus, 210009, Vitebsk, 27 Frunze ave., Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Chair of Public Health & Health Service with the course of the Faculty for Advanced Training & Retraining. E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра. – Ekaterina V. Mikhnevich.
