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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2019.2.28

Karpuk N.A.
The role and mechanisms of the oral tolerance in the development of allergic diseases of the oral cavity mucosa
Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus

Vestnik VGMU. 2019;18(2):28-36.

Abstract.
Dental materials being in the oral cavity are constantly subjected to biodegradation and interaction with local microbiota and together with the oral fluid enter the gastrointestinal tract on swallowing. The intestinal immune system can distinguish harmless antigens and commensal bacteria from pathogenic microorganisms, which leads to the tolerance and protective immunity, accordingly. Intestinal commensal antigens are not simply ignored but rather initiate the active immunosuppression process, better known as oral tolerance, that prevents the immunopathology outcome.
Both the inner properties of intestinal microenvironment and participating cells as well as peripheral effects caused by the systemic spreading of peroral antigens contribute to the induction of regulatory mechanisms, that assure the intestinal homeostasis maintenance.
In this review article the mechanisms of natural immune tolerance to relatively harmless antigens and factors contributing to the oral tolerance disturbance and the development of allergic diseases of the oral cavity mucosa are considered.
Key words: oral cavity mucosa, allergy, oral tolerance, immune system.

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Information about authors:
Karpuk N.A. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Chair of General Dentistry with the course of Prosthetic Dentistry, the Faculty for advanced Training & Retraining, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University.

Correspondence address: Republic of Belarus, 210009, Vitebsk, 27 Frunze ave., Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Chair of General Dentistry with the course of Prosthetic Dentistry, the Faculty for advanced Training & Retraining. E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра. – Natalya A. Karpuk.

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