DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2024.6.89
V.E. Nikitenkova, N.N. Maslova, A.A. Volchenko, V.I. Kuznetsova
Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in children of the Smolensk region
Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russian Federation
Vestnik VGMU. 2024;23(6):89-95.
Abstract.
The article presents the etiological and epidemiological aspects of multiple sclerosis in children. The association of genetic and infectious factors with the occurrence of the disease has been established. The influence of seasonality on the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis is shown. The frequency of clinical signs at the disease onset in the pediatric population has been revealed. The non-specificity of clinical manifestations at the multiple sclerosis onset in children has been determined. The average age of the disease onset has been established in pediatric patients, as well as in women and men. The dependence of clinical manifestations on the patients’ gender at the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been revealed. The ratios among children and adults at the onset of the disease are shown. The characteristic of clinical manifestations at the MS onset in children is shown. The average score on the EDSS scale and its average standard deviation have been calculated in the examined group of school-age patients and in the adult population. The article describes the first- and second-line drugs used to treat both adults and school-age children that change the course of multiple sclerosis. The role of infectious diseases at the disease onset among adults and school-age patients has been revealed. The ratio of the viral agent influence on the onset of multiple sclerosis in adults and children has been demonstrated. The role of vitamin D in the occurrence of the multiple sclerosis onset has been determined. Difficulties in diagnosing the disease in school-age patients because of the clinical manifestation non-specificity have been identified. The article presents the results of the data analysis of the electronic register of the adult population with the confirmed diagnosis of MS.
Keywords: multiple sclerosis in children, pathogenesis, epidemiology and etiology of the disease.
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Submitted 12.04.2024
Accepted 04.12.2024
Information about authors:
V.E. Nikitenkova -– assistant of the Chair of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Smolensk State Medical University, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2597-9887
e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра. – Valentina E. Nikitenkova;
N.N. Maslova – Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, head of the Chair of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Smolensk State Medical University, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0183-5643
A.A. Volchenko – a 4th-year student of the pediatric faculty, Smolensk State Medical University;
V.I. Kuznetsova – a 4th-year student of the pediatric faculty, Smolensk State Medical University.
