DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2025.2.106
A.M. Tsygankov1, U.V. Yanchanka1, O.V. Gribovskaya2, V.P.Martinovich2
Assessment of antiviral adaptive immune response of T cells
1Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
2Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Vestnik VGMU. 2025;24(2):106-113.
Abstract.
This work presents a method of using synthetic 9-mer peptides designed to assess the adaptive immune response of T cells against influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. After activation of specific lymphocytes (T-cells) of the peripheral blood with synthetic peptides identical in amino acid composition to the immunodominant epitopes of a particular virus, the concentration of gamma-interferon in the serum was determined. We used synthetic replica peptides from proteins of vaccine and influenza virus strains circulating in the Northern Hemisphere in 2023-2024 in the sample of 55 volunteers; and from Omicron-type SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strain in the sample of 109 volunteers. It has been found out that gamma interferon concentrations of 4.91/10.21 pg/mL or higher may indicate the presence of specific T-lymphocytes in vaccinated and/or those who have had influenza and COVID-19, respectively. Lower concentrations of the investigated cytokine can be used as a selection criterion for vaccination.
Keywords: virus, influenza, synthetic peptide, adaptive immune response, vaccine, COVID–19, SARS-CoV-2, T-lymphocytes.
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Submitted 19.11.2024
Accepted 14.04.2025
Information about authors:
Arseniy M. Tsygankov – senior lecturer of the Military Chair, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-7742, e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.;
U.V. Yanchanka – Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Chair of Clinical Immunology and Allergology with the course of the Faculty for Advanced Training & Retraining, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9355-8534;
O.V. Gribovskaya – Candidate of Chemical Sciences (Ph.D.), Deputy Director Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6640-3388;
V.P. Martinovich ‒ Candidate of Chemical Sciences (Ph. D.), Leading Researcher Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-145+4-619X.
