DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2025.4.108
S.P. Rubnikovich, A.S. Grishchenkov, Yu.L. Denisova, E.V. Kuzmenko
The degree of the masticatory-speech apparatus involvement in patients with bruxism
Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Vestnik VGMU. 2025;24(4):108-117.
Abstract.
Objectives. To assess the degree of the masticatory-speech apparatus involvement in patients with bruxism in the context of the neuronal network disturbances of the trigeminal nerve in the brainstem.
Material and methods. The object of the study was the patients in the key age group of 35–44 years with clinical signs of bruxism seeking dental care. Two study groups were formed: the main group (10 patients with clinical signs of bruxism) and the control group (10 patients without clinical signs of bruxism). The clinical examination was carried out according to clinical protocols approved by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus by Resolution No. 84 of 10.08.2022. Statistical analysis of the research results was performed using the «Statistica» analytical package (Version 10).
Results. Electromyographic examination revealed persistent dysfunction of the maxillofacial region muscles, characterized by deviations in the amplitude of bioelectrical activity and asymmetry of the frequency spectrum. This affects negatively the masticatory-speech apparatus, contributing to parafunctional activity of the masticatory muscles, TMJ incoordination, periodontal diseases and dental arch deformations. Deformations of the dental arches, in turn, can affect the muscular complex, forming a vicious circle of pathological changes.
For patients with characteristic excessive jaw clenching, an increase in the volume of the periodontal space was determined, more in the area of the chewing teeth group, with the appearance of apical foci of the bone tissue destruction, or with a horizontal type of the bone tissue resorption. For patients with bruxism, a decrease in the volume of the periodontal space was determined, along with an increase in the cortical closing plate.
Conclusions. A correlation is observed between the type of parafunctional activity of the masticatory muscles and changes in all structures of the masticatory-speech apparatus – dental, muscular, periodontal, and articular. Involvement of these signs is a mandatory clinical criterion in patients with bruxism, which is confirmed by the data from clinical and radiological diagnostic methods carried out within the framework of this study.
Keywords: bruxism, sleep bruxism, awake bruxism, parafunctional activity of masticatory muscles, dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations, clenching.
References
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Submitted 30.05.2025
Accepted 22.08.2025
Information about authors:
Sergei P. Rubnikovich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, rector of Belarusian State Medical University, e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.;
A.S. Grishchenkov – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, head of the Chair of Prosthetic Dentistry and Orthodontics with the course in Pediatric Dentistry of the Institute for Advanced Training & Retraining of Healthcare Personnel of the Educational Institution “Belarusian State Medical University”;
Y.L. Denisova – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Chair of Periodontology, Belarusian State Medical University;
E.V. Kuzmenko – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Chair of Prosthetic Dentistry and Orthodontics with the course in Pediatric Dentistry of the Institute for Advanced Training & Retraining of Healthcare Personnel of the Educational Institution “Belarusian State Medical University”.
