DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2025.6.66
N.A. Movsesyan, A.A. Kabanova, I.V. Zhyltsou
Pathogens of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region and their antibiotic resistance in dynamics for the period of 2015-2024
Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
Vestnik VGMU. 2025;24(6):66-72.
Abstract.
Today prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region remains one of the leading unresolved problems in dental diseases. This pathology is widespread both in the Republic of Belarus and globally. Further study of the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region is needed.
Objectives. To analyze the main pathogens causing infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region and their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs from 2015 to 2024.
Material and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted at the Dental Purulent Department of the Regional Clinical Hospital from 2015 to 2024. The study included the results of microbiological cultures performed upon admission and/or during inpatient treatment of patients with clinically verified infectious and inflammatory processes.
Results. The analysis of 2015–2024 years revealed 47.2–64.3% prevalence of microorganisms, with staphylococci predominating (>60.0% of isolates). The percentage of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) increased from 40.8% to 51.3%. The percentage of S. aureus decreased slightly from 21.1% to 15.4% (p>0.05), while the frequency of streptococci isolated increased slightly from 23,2% to 21,2% (p>0.05). A decrease in the percentage of P. aeruginosa (from 4.9% to 0.9%; p>0.05) and Candida spp. (from 5,6% to 2,7%) was observed. However, an upward trend in Enterobacteriaceae was observed, with the emergence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (up to 28.9% in 2024) of particular concern.
Conclusions. The comparison of 2015/2024 clearly demonstrates a significant shift in the microbial spectrum, with streptococci increasingly prominent against a background of a relative decline in staphylococci. Rapid evolution of microbial resistance is observed, including the spread of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and high levels of staphylococcal resistance to amikacin, macrolides and fluoroquinolones. This calls into question the effectiveness of these drugs for initial therapy. The continued 100% efficacy of vancomycin, linezolid and colistin confirms their status as reserve agents.
Keywords: infection, maxillofacial diseases, microorganisms, antibiotic resistance.
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Submitted 22.10.2025
Accepted 10.12.2025
Information about authors:
Narine A. Movsesyan – senior lecturer of the Chair of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics with the course of the Faculty for Advanced Training & Retraining, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8089-0781, e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.;
A.A. Kabanova – Doctor of Medical Sciences, associate professor, head of the Chair of Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry with the course of the Faculty for Advanced Training & Retraining, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-1139
I.V. Zhyltsou – Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, head of the Chair of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Faculty for Advanced Training & Retraining, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University.
