2026-4-R.N. Khokha, V.V. Ravskaya, N.S. Paramonova

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2026.4.54

R.N. Khokha, V.V. Ravskaya, N.S. Paramonova
Analysis of long-term dynamics of the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children based on a standardized age sample. Results of 15-year observation
Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Republic of Belarus

Vestnik VGMU. 2026;25(4):54-61.

Abstract.
Objectives. Analysis of the frequency of bronchial asthma symptoms in children of the Grodno region over a 15-year period (2008-2023) to assess long-term dynamics. Material and methods. In a cross-sectional epidemiological study, 2,873 children (6-7 years old, n=1,694; 13-14 years old, n=1,179) were assessed for asthma symptom prevalence in 2023 using the ISAAC questionnaire. The results were compared with those of studies we conducted using a similar methodology in 2008 and 2014. Results. The prevalence of current asthma symptoms (symptoms in the past 12 months) according to the ISAAC program in children aged 6-7 years in 2023 was 14.3%, 95% CI: 12.7-16.1. Over the 15-year period, an increase in the prevalence of 55 difficulty wheezing and whistling in the chest ever (p<0.0001) and in the past 12 months (p<0.0001); difficulty wheezing from 1 to 3 times a year (p<0.0001); difficulty wheezing severe enough to limit speech to 1-2 words between breaths (p<0.0001), as well as troubled night sleep (p<0.05) was found (since 2014). However, despite a significant increase in the prevalence of asthma symptoms, the frequency of asthma diagnosis in the anamnesis remained stable. In children aged 13-14 years, the prevalence of current asthma symptoms in 2023 was 5.6%, 95% CI: 4.4-7.1. Over 15 years, there was a decrease in the frequency of wheezing during or after exercise, physical education (p=0.0000); dry cough at night, excluding cough associated with a cold or respiratory infection (p=0.0000); current asthma symptoms (p=0.001). Since 2014, there was a decrease in the frequency of difficulty breathing noisy wheezing, whistling in the chest ever (p<0.0001). Conclusions. These results highlight the importance of regular monitoring of asthma symptoms in children and the need to adapt medical strategies depending on the epidemiological situation.

Keywords: children, bronchial asthma, symptoms, prevalence, long-term dynamics, ISAAC.

References

1. Kim TH, Kim H, Oh J, Kim S, Miligkos M, Yon DK, et al. Global burden of asthma among children and adolescents with projections to 2050: a comprehensive review and forecasted modeling study. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics. 2025 May;68(5):329-343. doi: 10.3345/cep.2025.00423
2. Asher MI, García-Marcos L, Pearce NE, Strachan DP. Trends in worldwide asthma prevalence. The European Respiratory Journal. 2020 Dec;56(6):2002094. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02094-2020
3. Pearce N, Aït-Khaled N, Beasley R, Mallol J, Keil U, Mitchell E, et al. Worldwide trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: Phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax. 2007 Sep;62(9):758- 766. doi: 10.1136/thx.2006.070169
4. Ellwood P, Ellwood E, Rutter C, Perez-Fernandez V, Morales E, García-Marcos L, et al. Global Asthma Network Phase I Surveillance: geographical coverage and response rates. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020 Nov;9(11):3688. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113688
5. Ellwood P, Asher MI, Billo NE, Bissell K, Chiang CY, Ellwood EM, et al. The Global Asthma Network rationale and methods for Phase I global surveillance: prevalence, severity, management and risk factors. The European Respiratory Journal. 2017 Jan;49(1):1601605. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01605-2016
6. Asher MI, Rutter CE, Bissell K, Chiang CY, El Sony A, Ellwood E, et al. Worldwide trends in the burden of asthma symptoms in school-aged children: Global Asthma Network Phase I cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2021 Oct;398(10311):1569- 1580. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01450-1
7. Khokha RN. Prevalence of symptoms of allergic diseases among children in the Grodno region (Belarus). Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii Zhurnal. 2014;11(5):46-50. (In Russ.). doi: 10.36691/RJA525
8. Khokha RN. Dynamics of the prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms in children (Isaac, III phase). Meditsinskie Novosti. 2016;(5):57-61. (In Russ.).
9. Asher MI, Keil U, Anderson HR, Beasley R, Crane J, Martinez F, et al. International study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. The European Respiratory Journal. 1995 Mar;8(3):483-91. doi: 10.1183/09031936.95.08030483
10. Chuchalin AG, red. Adaptation of the program «International study of asthma and allergy in children («ISAAC»)» in Russia: posobie dlya vrachei. Moscow, RF; 1998. 30 р. (In Russ.).
11. Ermakova MK, Matveeva LP, Kapustina NR. Recent trends in the prevalence of asthma symptoms among young schoolchildren. Pediatriya Consilium Medicum. 2021;(2):138- 140. (In Russ.). doi: 10.26442/26586630.2021.2.200990
12. Matveeva LP, Ermakova MK, Kapustina NR. Epidemiological trends of symptoms of bronchial asthma in adolescent children in the Udmurt Republic. Results of multi-year observation. Rezul'taty mnogoletnego nablyudeniya. Allergologiya i Immunologiya v Pediatrii. 2025;(1):32-39. (In Russ.). doi: 10.53529/2500-1175-2025-1-32-39
13. Singh S, Salvi S, Mangal DK, Singh M, Awasthi S, Mahesh PA, et al. Prevalence, time trends and treatment practices of asthma in India: the Global Asthma Network study. European Respiratory Journal Open Research. 2022 May;8(2):00528- 2021. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00528-2021
14. Brożek G, Nowak B, Prendergast C, Gil A, Nakiela P, Skoczyński S, et al. Thirty year trends in childhood asthma and allergic conditions in Poland. Respiratory Medicine. 2025 Nov;248:108379. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2025.108379
15. Litovkina AO, Smolnikov EV, Elisyutina OG, Khodzhava MV, Fedenko ES. The Atopic March: A Modern Perspective on the Problem and the Possibilities of Preventing its Development. Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii Zhurnal. 2025;22(3):304-313. (In Russ.). doi: 10.36691/RJA17044
16. Pecoraro L, Lanzilotti AG, De Musso M, Di Muri E, Tramacere F, Altavilla E, et al. The Role of Environmental Exposures in Pediatric Asthma Pathogenesis: A Contemporary Narrative Review. Children. 2025 Oct;12(10):1327. doi: 10.3390/ children12101327
17. Fayzullina RM, Shangareeva ZA, Sannikova AV, Mananova AF, Shaverskaya AG, Khamova MS, i dr. Features of treatment of bronchioobstructive syndrome in children. Immunopatologiya Allergologiya Infektologiya. 2022;(4):36- 41. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14427/jipai.2022.4.36
18. Leontyeva NM, Demko IV, Sobko EA, Solovyeva IA, Gordeeva NV, Kraposhina AYu. Mild bronchial asthma: diagnostic problems and the possibility of functional research methods. Sibirskoe Meditsinskoe Obozrenie. 2020;(1):5-13. (In Russ.). doi: 10.20333/2500136-2020-1-5-13
19. 20. Tomchik NV, Paramonova NS. Analysis of modern technologies to assess respiratory system function in children. Pediatriya Vostochnaya Evropa. 2026;14(1):123-134. (In Russ.). doi: 10.34883/PI.2026.14.1.025
20. Geppe NA, Glukhova MV, Kolosova NG, Soodaeva SK, Klimanov IA. Grebeneva IV. Exhaled nitrogen oxide in children with mild bronchial asthma for monitoring antiinflammatory therapy. Doktor Ru. 2020;19(10):37-41. (In Russ.). doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2020-19-10-37-41
21. Seliverstov PV, Brudyan GS, Kutsenko VP. The impact of digital technologies on paediatric practices: realizing potential and overcoming obstacles. Meditsinskaya Sestra. 2023;(5):52- 56. (In Russ.). doi: 10.29296/25879979-2023-05-11

Submitted 18.05.2026
Accepted 27.08.2026

Information about authors:

Raisa N. Khokha – Candidate of Medicine, associate professor the 2nd Chair of Childhood Diseases, Grodno State Medical University, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-1783, е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.;
V.V. Ravskaya – senior lecturer of the 2nd Chair of Childhood Diseases, Grodno State Medical University, https://orcid. org/0009-0003-4434-3128;
N.S. Paramonova – Doctor of Medicine, professor, Head of the 2nd Chair of Childhood Diseases, Grodno State Medical University, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4823-7819.

Поиск по сайту