Kulikov V.A., Belyaeva L.E.
Signalling cascades, oncogenes, oncosuppressor genes and cancer cells metabolism
Abstract.
Objectives. To characterize the intracellular signalling cascades responsible for cancer cells metabolism and inter- relation of these signalling cascades with oncogenes, oncosuppressor genes and transcription factors.
Material and methods. Analysis of the scientific articles published during the last 10 years.
Results. Metabolic changes in cancer cells often result from different mutations activating oncogenes or inactivating oncosuppressor genes. Activation of Akt proteinkinase, G-proteins belonging to the Ras family, transcription factors HIF-1 and c Myc or inactivation of the transcription factor p53 form the peculiar «pentad» responsible for the development of glycolytic phenotype in cancer cells. Functional activity of this «pentad» depends on numerous intracellular signalling cascades triggered by hypoxia, excess or deficiency of nutrients, cytokines and growth factors. On the contrary, activation of АМPК can stimulate oxidative metabolism in cancer cells with the subsequent suppression of their growth and division. Co-operative and antagonistic interrelations exist between oncogenes, oncosuppressor genes, transcription factors and signalling cascades of cancer cells.
Conclusions. Studying the pathways regulating cancer cells metabolism inevitably promotes our understanding of mechanisms of cancer cells development and progression and outlines new approaches to the treatment of malignancies.
Key words: metabolism, cancer, oncogenes, oncosuppressor genes.
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