Kulikov V.A., Belyaeva L.E.
On bioenergetics of a tumoral cell
Educational Establishment «Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University», Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
Vestnik VGMU. 2015;14(6):5-14.
Abstract.
In the mid-twenties of the last century Otto Warburg has discovered that glycolysis is the basic source of АТP in tumor cells. According to the Warburg's hypothesis, activation of glycolysis results from an irreversible damage of mitochondrial respiration which, in its turn, can lead to neoplastic transformation of a cell. However, the Warburg’s hypothesis gradually has lost its topicality due to the absence of convincing evidence of mitochondrial defects in tumor cells. Scientists began to believe that changes in bioenergetics of tumoral cells were rather a consequence than a reason of neoplastic transformation of cells. Introduction of the positron-emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose into the clinical practice in the nineties of the last century for the visualization of tumors has revived the interest of scientific community to the Warburg’s hypothesis. However, up to now the question about the role played by this effect in the carcinogenesis still remains not clear. In the present review we have tried to consider the scientific arguments supporting or disproving the Warburg’s hypothesis. In conclusion we want to say that the analysis of scientific researches results has allowed to reveal two possible scenarios by means of which mitochondria can participate in carcinogenesis: (1) mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary cause of the aerobic glycolysis development and neoplastic cellular transformation; (2) mitochondrial dysfunction is only the second stage in metabolic reprogramming of a tumor cell, so it is a consequence of the tumor transformation of a cell. The classical «chicken and egg» dilemma of the given problem, unfortunately, remains not solved yet, but the existence of a close connection between oncogenes and the Warburg’s effect, does not cause doubts any more.
Key words: mitochondrion, cancer, Warburg’s effect.
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