DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2020.2.78
Karpuk N.A.1, Rubnikovich S.P.2, Boginskiy O.Y.3
The possibilities of cytologic diagnosis in prophylactic medical examination of patients with precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa taking into account their prevalence in Vitebsk Region from 2014 to 2019
1Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
2Belarusian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
3Vitebsk Regional Clinical Dental Center, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
Vestnik VGMU. 2020;19(2):78-88.
Abstract.
Objectives. To analyze the prevalence of nosological forms of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa (PDOM) in Vitebsk Region from 2014 to 2019 and to substantiate the cytologic principle of screening and prophylactic medical examination of patients.
Material and methods. The analysis of the prevalence of nosological forms of PDOM in Vitebsk Region from 2014 to 2019 was conducted. The representativeness of the cytologic smear was assessed in six ways (20 smears each) using: a dental spatula and a conventional slide; a «Yunona» cytoset and a conventional slide; a dental spatula and a slide with an adhesive coating; a «Yunona» cytoset and a slide with an adhesive coating; a conventional slide; a slide with an adhesive coating.
Results. The analysis of the prevalence of nosological forms of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa in Vitebsk Region from 2014 to 2019 has shown an annual increase in the number of patients with PDOM, among which PDOM that are subject to surgical treatment predominate. The most common nosological forms were leukoplakia and papilloma of the oral mucosa (OM). If in 2014 there were 269 patients with PDOM under dispensary observation in dental health institutions of Vitebsk Region, in 2019 there were already 685 patients.
When comparing the six-way sampling of the cytologic material for the evaluation of OM epithelial status it has been found that the use of a combination of cytometry and slides with an adhesive coating is a highly informative (95%) method of obtaining cellular material, which allows to recommend it as an instrument for dispensary observation of patients with PDOM.
Conclusions. To improve the effectiveness of diagnosing of tumor transformation of the OM epithelium at the earliest possible stages, the cytologic principle of prophylactic medical examination of patients with PDOM is justified.
Key words: precancerous diseases, oral mucosa, dysplasia, screening, prophylactic medical examination.
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Information about authors:
Karpuk N.A. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Chair of General Dentistry with the course of Prosthetic Dentistry and the course of the Faculty for Advanced Training & Retraining, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University;
Rubnikovich S.P. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, head of the Chair of Prosthetic Dentistry & Orthodontics with the course of Pediatric Dentistry, Belarusian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education;
Boginskiy O.Y. – head doctor of Vitebsk Regional Clinical Dental Center.
Correspondence address: Republic of Belarus, 210029, Vitebsk, 66 Pravdy str., 112. E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра. – Natalia A. Karpuk.
