DOI: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2021.6.77
Dziarkach А.F., Aliakhnovich N.S.
Effective biomarkers in the diagnosis of apple allergy and their comparative assessment
Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
Vestnik VGMU. 2021;20(6):77-90.
Abstract.
Objectives. To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the prick-test and the levels of tryptase, cations K+, NH4+ and Ca2+, peroxidase activity in the oral fluid (OF) as biomarkers of apple allergy and to comparatively assess them.
Material and methods. We examined 35 patients with a history of allergic reactions to a fresh apple (the study group) and 29 healthy persons (the control group). All participants underwent the prick-test with 3 varieties of fresh apples and oral-pharyngeal provocative test (OPPT) with freshly prepared apple juice with the assessment of tryptase, peroxidase activity, K+, NH4+ and Ca2+ cations levels in the OF.
Results. The prick-test was positive in 94% of patients. In 70% of patients after OPPT, there was a significant tryptase level increase in the OF compared with healthy persons (p=0.000003). After provocation, in the study group, in 74% of cases, a significant peroxidase activity level increase in the OF was revealed in comparison with the control group (p<0.0000001). A significant K+ level increase in the oral fluid was found in 81% of patients, in contrast to healthy persons after OPPT (p=0.02). In 67% of cases in the study group, a significant NH4+ level decrease after OPPT was found in comparison with the initial cation level in this group (p=0.039). Patients with a history of apple allergy after provocation showed a higher Ca2+ cations level in the OF than the control (p=0.02).
Conclusions. Biomarkers of hypersensitivity to apples of the varieties Golden Delicious, Red Prince and Belarusian sweet were revealed: positive prick-test, an increase of tryptase, myeloperoxidase activity, K+ cations and a decrease of NH4+ level after OPPT. Biomarkers have a high diagnostic value and can be used both in combination and separately to identify systemic and local hypersensitivity and to diagnose food allergy to apples.
Key words: oral-pharyngeal provocation test, prick-test, biomarker.
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Information about authors:
Dziarkach А.F. – lecturer of the Chair of General Medical Practice, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University,
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-0132
Aliakhnovich N.S. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Chair of Clinical Immunology and Allergology with the course of the Faculty for Advanced Training & Retraining, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University,
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9533-8914
Correspondence address: Republic of Belarus, 210009, Vitebsk, 27 Frunze ave., Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Chair of General Medical Practice. E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра. – Alena F. Dziarkach.
